Technical Material Reference · VIIPLUS
Cast copper alloy designations (UNS C90000–C95999) C94100 high-leaded tin bronze — specification Oilless guide elements — material cross-reference & data Material data verification & discrepancy notes Engineering selection notes Frequently asked questions Compliance, scope & engineering disclaimer
1. Cast copper alloy designations (UNS C90000–C95999)
Cast copper alloys in the C90000–C95999 series are grouped by their principal alloying system. The families below follow the standard designation structure for cast copper alloys (source data sheet, Revision Date: May 20, 2025).
C90000–C91999 — Copper-Tin Alloys (Tin Bronzes)C92000–C92999 — Copper-Tin-Lead Alloys (Leaded Tin Bronzes)C93000–C94599 — Copper-Tin-Lead Alloys (High-Leaded Tin Bronzes)C94600–C94999 — Copper-Tin-Nickel Alloys (Nickel-Tin Bronzes)C95000–C95999 — Copper-Aluminum-Iron & Copper-Aluminum-Iron-Nickel Alloys (Aluminium Bronzes)
Representative cast bronze grades and nominal composition (wt %)
Values are nominal composition ranges from the cast-copper-alloy designation data sheet (Revision Date: May 20, 2025). “max” = single maximum value; blank = not a controlled element for that grade. For C94100 continuous-cast values see Section 2.
UNS
Common name
Cu
Pb
Sn
Zn
Fe
Ni
Al
Sb
Si
C90200
Tin Bronze
91–94
0.30 max
6–8
0.5 max
0.20 max
0.50 max
0.005
0.20
0.005
C90300
Tin Bronze
86–89
0.30 max
7.5–9
3–5
0.20 max
1.0 max
0.005
0.20
0.005
C90500
Gun Metal
86–89
0.30 max
9–11
1–3
0.20 max
1.0 max
0.005
0.20
0.005
C90700
Tin Bronze
88–90
0.50 max
10–12
0.5 max
0.15 max
0.50 max
0.005
0.20
0.005
C91600
Nickel Tin Bronze
86–89
0.25 max
9.7–10.8
0.25 max
0.20 max
1.2–2.0
0.005
0.20
0.005
C92200
Navy M Bronze
86–90
1.0–2.0
5.5–6.5
3–5
0.25 max
1.0 max
0.005
0.25
0.005
C93700
Bearing Bronze
78–82
8–11
9–11
0.8 max
0.7 max
0.50 max
0.005
0.50
0.005
C93800
Anti-acid Metal
75–79
13–16
6.3–7.5
0.8 max
0.15 max
1.0 max
0.005
0.80
0.005
C94000
High-Leaded Tin Bronze
69–72
14–16
12–14
0.50 max
0.25 max
0.5–1.0
0.005
0.50
0.005
C94100
High-Leaded Tin Bronze
72–79
18–22
4.5–6.5
1.0 max
0.25 max
1.0 max
0.005
0.80
0.005
C94300
Soft Bronze
67–72
23–27
4.5–6
0.8 max
0.15 max
1.0 max
0.005
0.80
0.005
C95815
Aluminium Bronze
76–82.5
0.03 max
0.10 max
0.40 max
4.0–5.5
4.0–5.3
8.8–10.0
—
0.10 max
Note: C95815 is the aluminium-bronze grade listed in the source data sheet. Other aluminium bronzes such as C95400 and C95500 belong to the C95000–C95999 family and are referenced in the oilless guide element section below.
2. C94100 high-leaded tin bronze — specification
C94100 is a high-leaded tin bronze (CDA 941) supplied as continuous-cast stock to ASTM B505/B505M (Standard Specification for Copper Alloy Continuous Castings, current edition B505/B505M-23 ). It offers good machinability and embeddability for light- to medium-load bearing service.
25 ksi
Tensile strength, min (172 MPa)
17 ksi
Yield strength, min (117 MPa)
7 %
Elongation, min (2 in / 50 mm)
~50 BHN
Brinell hardness, typical
Product forms & sizes
Solids: ½” to 10″ O.D.Tubes: 1″ to 16″ O.D.Rectangles: up to 10″Standard lengths: 144″Shape / form: semi-finished mill stock or near-net shapes — anode, bar stock, billet/bloom, squares, hex, plate, profile or structural shape, flats / rectangular bar
Chemical composition (ASTM B505/B505M-23, continuous cast)
Element
Min %
Max %
Note
Copper (Cu)
72.00
79.00
Balance
Lead (Pb)
18.00
22.00
—
Tin (Sn)
4.50
6.50
—
Zinc (Zn)
—
1.00
—
Iron (Fe)
—
0.25
—
Phosphorus (P)
—
1.50
0.50 max for general (non-continuous) castings
Nickel (Ni)*
—
1.00
Ni value includes Co
Aluminium (Al)
—
0.005
—
Sulfur (S)
—
0.25
0.08 max for general (non-continuous) castings
Antimony (Sb)
—
0.80
0.80 max (see verification note §4)
Silicon (Si)
—
0.005
—
* Ni value includes Co. Requirement: Cu + sum of named elements = 98.7% minimum. Single values represent maximums.
Casting-process footnote (important). Phosphorus and sulfur limits differ by casting method. For continuous castings (ASTM B505/B505M) the maxima are P ≤ 1.50 % and S ≤ 0.25 %. For general castings the maxima are P ≤ 0.50 % and S ≤ 0.08 %. Both sets are correct for their respective process; specify the casting method when ordering.
Mechanical properties (ASTM B505/B505M-23)
Property
Value
Remarks
Tensile strength, min
25 ksi / 172 MPa
—
Yield strength (0.5% ext. under load), min
17 ksi / 117 MPa
—
Elongation in 2 in / 50 mm, min
7 %
—
Brinell hardness (500 kg load)
~50 BHN
Typical, not a minimum requirement
Machinability rating
80
Free-cutting brass (C36000) = 100 baseline
Density
0.336 lb/in³
≈ 9.30 g/cm³ at 68 °F (20 °C)
Typical uses
Industrial: thrust block light- to medium-load bearings bushings general machinery components . The high lead content gives good machinability and the ability to embed debris, suiting lightly lubricated or intermittent-lubrication service.
C94100 is covered by ASTM B505/B505M (continuous cast). It is not listed in ASTM B271 (centrifugal) or ASTM B584 (sand) for the P/S/Sb limits shown here.
3. Oilless guide elements — material cross-reference & data
Oilless guide elements are base-material plates, bushings and pillars with closely spaced deposits of solid lubricant (graphite) embedded in the running surface. They provide self-lubrication for linear or rotary motion in tool making, general machine construction and similar engineering uses, and perform across a wide temperature band. The lubricant deposits are arranged in staggered patterns to ensure an even lubrication film along the sliding path; the sliding surface should be lightly greased with lithium emulsion before commissioning, and the counter-bearing surface should be hardened, ground, and finished with the lay parallel to the sliding direction.
Material code & standards cross-reference
Code
Base material (CN)
China GB
ISO 1338
DIN
JIS
ASTM / UNS
BS
NF
Applicable conditions
JDB
(High-tensile brass)
ZCuZn25Al6Fe3Mn3
GCuZn25Al6Fe3Mn3
G-CuZn25Al5
HBsC4
C86300
HTB2
—
High load, low speed, general use
(High-tensile brass)
ZCuZn25Al6Fe3Mn3
GCuZn25Al6Fe3Mn3
G-CuZn25Al5
HBsC4
C86300
HTB2
—
Over-high load, low speed, heavy-duty
(Cast aluminium bronze)
ZCuAl9Fe4Ni4Mn2
GCuAl10FeNi5
G-CuAl10Ni
AlBC3
C95500
AB2
CuAl10Fe5Ni5
Mid load, mid speed, general use
(Cast tin bronze)
ZCuSn5Pb5Zn5
GCuPb5Sn5Zn5
G-CuSn5ZnPb
BC6
C83600
LG2
CuPb5Sn5Zn5
Mid load, low speed
铸造锡青铜 (Cast tin bronze)
ZCuSn10Zn2
GCuSn10Zn2
G-CuSn10Zn
BC3
C90500
G1
CuSn12
Mid load, low speed
(Cast iron)
HT250 (GB 5675-85)
—
—
FC250
Class 40
—
—
Mid load, low speed
The ASTM column in the source lists the UNS grade under ASTM B30-92 (ingot specification); in current terminology these are referenced as ASTM/UNS C86300, C95500, C83600 and C90500, also supplied as continuous-cast stock to ASTM B505/B505M.
Load, temperature, speed & PV limits
Lubrication condition
Surface pressure max (N/cm²)
Temp. (°C)
Speed (m/min)
PV value (N/cm²·m/min)
Initial (greased)
5,000
80
15
10,000
Pressure lubrication
3,000
150
60
20,000
Material data (typical)
Property
Value
Yield limit Rp0.2
450 N/mm²
Alternating flexural strength
±150 N/mm²
Elongation to fracture A5
8 %
Ratio: sliding surface to lubricant deposits
25–30 %
Advantages
Good emergency sliding properties if lubricant film is lost
Highest carrying capacity at low sliding speed
Usable under water or with chemical solutions
Extremely wide temperature resistance — hot and cold
Damping properties in the presence of vibration
Standard elements are suitable for general use up to 200 °C; special types are available on request. The PV value (P × V) defines bearing wear: P = F / A (N/cm²), with F = maximum load and A = projected bearing area; V = running velocity (m/min).
4. Material data verification & discrepancy notes
The source data was cross-checked against published standards and supplier datasheets. Three composition conflicts were identified for C94100 and resolved as follows:
Element
UNS designation sheet
C94100 spec sheet (B505)
Resolution
Phosphorus (P)
0.50 max
1.50 max
Both correct — 1.50 applies to continuous castings ; 0.50 to general castings (process footnote).
Sulfur (S)
0.08 max
0.25 max
Both correct — 0.25 applies to continuous castings ; 0.08 to general castings (process footnote).
Antimony (Sb)
0.80 max
0.25 max
0.80 max is correct. The 0.25 value in some spec sheets is an erroneous transcription of the sulfur limit; authoritative B505/B505M data show Sb 0.80 max with no continuous-cast footnote.
Brinell hardness (≈50 BHN) is presented as a typical value, not a specification minimum, because published sources show variation (≈50–55 BHN). Machinability rating (80) is given relative to free-cutting brass (C36000) = 100. Density 0.336 lb/in³ equals ≈9.30 g/cm³.
5. Engineering selection notes
By load & speed: high-tensile brass (C86300 / NYC05/0, /2) for very high load at low speed; aluminium bronze (C95500 / NYC05/3) for mid load at mid speed with corrosion resistance; tin bronzes (C83600, C90500) for mid load at low speed; C94100 for light- to medium-load bearing stock.Casting method matters: continuous-cast stock (ASTM B505/B505M) gives tighter, more uniform structure than sand castings and relaxes P/S limits for C94100 — confirm the method on the order.Oilless vs. lubricated: choose oilless guide elements (graphite-embedded) where maintenance access is limited, under water, or across wide temperatures; ensure the mating surface is hardened and ground.Counter-surface finish: for oilless elements, the counter bearing must be ground, preferably with lay parallel to the sliding direction, and lightly greased before commissioning.
6. Frequently asked questions
What is C94100 bronze used for?
C94100 is a high-leaded tin bronze used mainly for thrust blocks, light- to medium-load bearings and bushings, and general industrial components where good machinability and embeddability matter. It is supplied as continuous-cast stock to ASTM B505/B505M.
What standard covers continuous-cast C94100?
ASTM B505/B505M (Standard Specification for Copper Alloy Continuous Castings), current edition -23. C94100 is not covered by ASTM B271 (centrifugal) or ASTM B584 (sand) for the P/S/Sb limits shown here.
What are oilless guide elements and how are they lubricated?
They are bronze or cast-iron base plates/bushings with staggered solid-lubricant (graphite) deposits embedded in the running surface. 25–30% of the sliding surface is lubricant; counter surfaces should be hardened, ground, and lightly greased before commissioning.
What PV value applies to oilless guide elements?
With initial lubrication up to 5,000 N/cm² at 15 m/min (PV ≈ 10,000 N/cm²·m/min); under pressure lubrication up to 3,000 N/cm² at 60 m/min (PV ≈ 20,000 N/cm²·m/min). Actual values depend on mating hardness and lubrication.
7. Compliance, scope & engineering disclaimer
Engineering reference disclaimer
The chemical compositions, mechanical properties, and engineering values on this page are compiled from published standards and supplier datasheets for reference only . Actual values can vary with casting method (sand, centrifugal, continuous), section size, temper, and individual melt practice. They are not a substitute for, and must be confirmed against, the material supplier’s Certificate of Conformity / Mill Test Report (MTR) for the specific lot and product form supplied. VIIPLUS makes no warranty, express or implied, regarding completeness, accuracy, or fitness for any particular application.
Scope — no regulated-grade certification
This technical reference does not constitute, and must not be interpreted as, certification or conformance for any military , automotive (e.g., IATF 16949 / OEM-specific), food-contact (e.g., FDA / EU 1935/2004), medical (e.g., ISO 13485 / USP Class), nuclear , or aerospace airworthiness (e.g., FAA / EASA / AS9100 airworthiness) grade requirement. No federal or military specification designations (such as MIL-SPEC, QQ-, or FED-STD) are cited on this page, and no conformance claims to such specifications are made.
Material data source note (SAE AMS 4880)
Material-property data cited from SAE AMS 4880 (Aluminum Bronze Alloy, Centrifugal and Continuous-Cast Castings, 81.5Cu–10.3Al–5.0Ni–2.8Fe, TQ50; UNS C95510; current revision AMS4880E) is provided solely as a published material-property reference for the nickel-aluminium bronze family. Its citation does not imply airworthiness or any other regulatory certification or conformance.
