Copper Alloys, Casting alloys, Guide for Oil Free Bushings Copper Alloy
VIIPLUS employs centrifugal casting to manufacture plain bushes, rings, slide plate, and sleeves from all copper alloys adhering to global standards, including PN-EN 1982, DIN 1705, 1709, 1714, PN 91/H-87026, ASTM B271, and BS 1400, as well as specialized alloys.
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Our slide bearings at a glance. Viiplus provides casting alloys, including brasses, bronzes, and copper alloys, manufactured to PN, EN, and DIN standards or tailored to specific customer requirements.
Key Properties and Advantages
1. Corrosion and Wear Resistance
- Synergistic alloying elements like Sn (hardness) and Pb (lubricity) enable durability in harsh environments, including marine and chemical industries.
2. Castability
- Ideal for intricate shapes (e.g., bearings, gears) due to low shrinkage and excellent mold-filling capability.
3. Machinability
- Lead reduces cutting resistance, improving production efficiency for precision parts.
4. Load-Bearing Capacity
- Aluminum-iron bronzes (e.g., ZCuAl10Fe3) withstand radial/axial stresses in heavy machinery.
Industrial Applications
- Automotive: Self-lubricating tin-lead bronze bearings reduce friction in engines.
- Marine: Aluminum bronzes resist saltwater corrosion in propellers and pumps.
- Industrial Machinery: Silicon-zinc-manganese bronze (BK331) in high-vibration systems.
Technical Considerations
- Tin Content Trade-offs: Higher Sn (>10%) increases hardness but reduces toughness.
- Heat Treatment: Processes like annealing refine grain structure for enhanced performance.
Conclusion
Cast bronze bearings offer unmatched versatility across industries, driven by tailored compositions like BA93 (aluminum-iron) and B1010 (tin-lead). By balancing elements such as Sn, Pb, and Al, engineers achieve optimal hardness, corrosion resistance, and manufacturability. For high-performance applications—from aerospace to heavy machinery—these alloys remain a cornerstone of modern engineering.
Cast Bronze Bearing Materials: Classifications, Properties, and Industrial Applications
Bronze, one of humanity’s oldest alloys, remains indispensable in modern engineering—especially for bearings. Cast bronze bearings are multicomponent alloys primarily composed of copper (Cu) and tin (Sn), enhanced with zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), and phosphorus (P) to optimize performance. Their grainy structure ensures a unique balance of corrosion resistance, wear resistance, castability, and machinability. Below, we break down their classifications, properties, and applications for engineers and industry professionals.
Classifications and Compositions of Cast Bronze Bearings
1. Aluminum-Iron Bronze
- Example: BA93 (CuAl9Fe3)
- Composition: 9% Al, 3% Fe, balance Cu.
- Properties: High strength, excellent wear resistance, and suitability for heavy-load applications like marine components.
2. Aluminum-Iron-Manganese Bronze
- Example: BA1032 (CuAl10Fe3Mn2)
- Composition: 10% Al, 3% Fe, 2% Mn, balance Cu.
- Properties: Enhanced fatigue resistance and thermal stability, ideal for high-temperature environments.
3. Tin Bronze
- Base Type: B10 (CuSn10)
- Composition: 10% Sn, balance Cu.
- Properties: Superior corrosion resistance and mechanical stability.
- Derivatives:
- Tin-Phosphor Bronze (B101, CuSn10P): Added phosphorus improves hardness and wear resistance.
- Tin-Zinc Bronze (B102, CuSn10Zn2): Zinc enhances fluidity during casting.
- Tin-Lead Bronze:
- B1010 (CuSn10Pb10): High lubricity for low-friction bearings.
- B520 (CuSn5Pb20): Elevated lead content (20%) optimizes machinability.
- Tin-Zinc-Lead Bronze:
- B555 (CuSn5Zn5Pb5): Balanced properties for general-purpose bearings.
JIS H5120:2011 Copper and Copper Alloy Castings (Comprehensive Table)
Table 1: Chemical Composition (Mass %)
| Alloy Family | JIS Symbol | Cu (%) | Sn (%) | Pb (%) | Zn (%) | Fe (%) | Ni (%) | Al (%) | Mn (%) | Si (%) | P (%) |
| Copper | CAC101 | ≥ 99.5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| CAC102 | ≥ 99.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| CAC103 | ≥ 99.9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Yellow Brass | CAC201 | 83.0~88.0 | – | – | 11.0~17.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| CAC202 | 65.0~70.0 | – | 0.5~3.0 | 24.0~34.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| CAC203 | 58.0~64.0 | – | 0.5~3.0 | 30.0~41.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| High-Strength Brass | CAC301 | 55.0~60.0 | – | – | 33.0~42.0 | 0.5~1.5 | – | 0.5~1.5 | 0.1~1.5 | – | – |
| CAC302 | 55.0~60.0 | – | – | 30.0~42.0 | 0.5~2.0 | – | 0.5~2.0 | 0.1~3.5 | – | – | |
| CAC303 | 60.0~65.0 | – | – | 22.0~28.0 | 2.0~4.0 | – | 3.0~5.0 | 2.5~5.0 | – | – | |
| CAC304 | 60.0~65.0 | – | – | 22.0~28.0 | 2.0~4.0 | – | 5.0~7.5 | 2.5~5.0 | – | – | |
| Bronze | CAC401 | 79.0~83.0 | 2.0~4.0 | 3.0~7.0 | 8.0~12.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| CAC402 | 86.0~90.0 | 7.0~9.0 | – | 3.0~5.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| CAC403 | 86.5~89.5 | 9.0~11.0 | – | 1.0~3.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| CAC406 | 83.0~87.0 | 4.0~6.0 | 4.0~6.0 | 4.0~6.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| CAC407 | 86.0~90.0 | 5.0~7.0 | 1.0~3.0 | 3.0~5.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| CAC408 | 84.0~88.0 | 4.0~6.0 | 2.0~4.0 | 5.0~7.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Phosphor Bronze | CAC502A | 87.0~91.0 | 9.0~12.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.05~0.2 |
| CAC502B | 87.0~91.0 | 9.0~12.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.15~0.5 | |
| CAC503A | 84.0~88.0 | 12.0~15.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.05~0.2 | |
| CAC503B | 84.0~88.0 | 12.0~15.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.15~0.5 | |
| Leaded Tin Bronze | CAC602 | 82.0~86.0 | 9.0~11.0 | 4.0~6.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| CAC603 | 77.0~81.0 | 9.0~11.0 | 9.0~11.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| CAC604 | 74.0~78.0 | 7.0~9.0 | 14.0~16.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| CAC605 | 70.0~76.0 | 6.0~8.0 | 16.0~22.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Aluminum Bronze | CAC701 | 85.0~90.0 | – | – | – | 1.0~3.0 | 0.1~1.0 | 8.0~10.0 | 0.1~1.0 | – | – |
| CAC702 | 80.0~88.0 | – | – | – | 2.5~5.0 | 1.0~3.0 | 8.0~10.5 | 0.1~1.5 | – | – | |
| CAC703 | 78.0~85.0 | – | – | – | 3.0~6.0 | 3.0~6.0 | 8.5~10.5 | 0.1~1.5 | – | – | |
| CAC704 | 71.0~84.0 | – | – | – | 2.0~5.0 | 1.0~4.0 | 6.0~9.0 | 7.0~15.0 | – | – | |
| Silicon Bronze | CAC801 | 84.0~88.0 | – | – | 9.0~11.0 | – | – | – | – | 3.5~4.5 | – |
| CAC802 | 78.5~82.5 | – | – | 14.0~16.0 | – | – | – | – | 4.0~5.0 | – | |
| CAC803 | 80.0~84.0 | – | – | 13.0~15.0 | – | – | – | – | 3.2~4.2 | – | |
| CAC804 | 74.0~78.0 | – | – | 18.5~22.5 | – | – | – | – | 2.7~3.4 | 0.05~0.2 |
Table 2: Mechanical Properties, Physical Properties & Equivalents
| Alloy Family | JIS Symbol | Process (SC / CC) | Tensile Strength (N/mm²) min | Elongation (%) min | Brinell Hardness (HBW) min | Yield Strength (N/mm²) min | Specific Gravity | Conductivity (% IACS) | ASTM / SAE (USA) | BS (UK) / DIN (Germany) |
| Copper | CAC101 | SC / CC | 175 / – | 35 / – | 35 / – | – / – | – | ≥ 50 | — | — |
| CAC102 | SC / CC | 155 / – | 35 / – | 33 / – | – / – | – | ≥ 60 | — | — | |
| CAC103 | SC / CC | 135 / – | 40 / – | 30 / – | – / – | – | ≥ 80 | — | — | |
| Yellow Brass | CAC201 | SC / CC | 145 / – | 25 / – | 90 / – | – / – | 8.6 | 25 | — | SCB6 |
| CAC202 | SC / CC | 195 / – | 20 / – | 100 / – | – / – | 8.44 | 19.5 | C85400 | CuZn33Pb2 | |
| CAC203 | SC / CC | 245 / – | 20 / – | 165 / – | – / – | 8.41 | 22 | C85700 | — | |
| High-Strength Brass | CAC301 | SC / CC | 430 / 470 | 20 / 25 | ≥ 90 / ≥ 90 | 140 / 170 | 8.30 | 22 | C86500 | HTB1 / CuZn35Al1 |
| CAC302 | SC / CC | 490 / 530 | 18 / 20 | ≥ 100 / ≥ 100 | 175 / 200 | 8.32 | 19 | C86400 | HTB2 / CuZn34Al1 | |
| CAC303 | SC / CC | 635 / 655 | 15 / 18 | 165 / ≥ 165 | 305 / 310 | 7.8 | 8 | C86200 (430A) | HTB3 / CuZn25Al5 | |
| CAC304 | SC / CC | 755 / 765 | 12 / 12 | 200 / ≥ 200 | 410 / 392 | 7.7 | 8 | C86300 (430B) | HTB4 / CuZn34Al5 | |
| Bronze | CAC401 | SC / CC | 165 / 195 | 15 / 15 | 55 / 55 | 90 / 90 | 8.9 | 16.4 | C84400 | LG1 / CuSn2ZnPb |
| CAC402 | SC / CC | 245 / 275 | 20 / 15 | 70 / 70 | 50 / 50 | 8.83 | 12 | C90300 (620) | — | |
| CAC403 | SC / CC | 245 / 275 | 15 / 13 | 75 / 75 | 170 / 170 | 8.83 | 11 | C90500 (62) | G1 / CuSn10Zn | |
| CAC406 | SC / CC | 195 / 245 | 15 / 15 | 60 / 60 | 100 / 100 | 8.95 | 15 | C83600 (40) | LG2 / RG5 | |
| CAC407 | SC / CC | 215 / 255 | 18 / 15 | 65 / 65 | 130 / 130 | 8.90 | 14.3 | C92200 (622) | LC4 | |
| CAC408 | SC / CC | 195 / 245 | 15 / 15 | 60 / 60 | 110 / 110 | 8.75 | 16.4 | — | — | |
| Phosphor Bronze | CAC502A | SC | 195 | 5 | 60 | 120 | 8.85 | 9.6 | C90700 | PB4 / CuSn10 |
| CAC502B | CC | 295 | 5 | 80 | 145 | 8.85 | 9.6 | C90700 | PB4 / CuSn10 | |
| CAC503A | SC | 195 | 1 | 80 | 135 | 8.8 | 9.3 | C91000 | PB2 / CuSn12 | |
| CAC503B | CC | 265 | 3 | 90 | 145 | 8.8 | 9.3 | C91000 | PB2 / CuSn12 | |
| Leaded Tin Bronze | CAC602 | CC | 195 | 10 | 65 | 100 | 9.2 | 12 | C93800 (67) | LB1 / CuPb15Sn |
| CAC603 | SC / CC | 175 / 225 | 7 / 10 | 60 / 65 | 80 / 135 | 9.05 | 10 | C93700 (64) | LB2 / CuPb10Sn | |
| CAC604 | SC / CC | 165 / 220 | 5 / 8 | 55 / 60 | 80 / 100 | 9.2 | 12 | C93800 (67) | LB1 / CuPb15Sn | |
| CAC605 | SC / CC | 145 / 175 | 5 / 7 | 45 / 50 | 60 / 80 | 9.05 | 10 | C93700 (64) | LB2 / CuPb10Sn | |
| Aluminum Bronze | CAC701 | SC / CC | 440 / 490 | 25 / 20 | 80 / 90 | 170 / 170 | 7.64 | 11 | C95200 | AB1 / CuAl10Fe |
| CAC702 | SC / CC | 490 / 540 | 20 / 15 | 120 / 120 | 220 / 220 | 7.65 | 13 | C95400 | CuAl9Ni | |
| CAC703 | SC / CC | 590 / 610 | 15 / 12 | 150 / 160 | 245 / 245 | 7.65 | 7.1 | C95800 | AB2 / CuAl10Ni | |
| CAC704 | SC | 590 | 15 | 160 | 270 | 7.65 | 13 | C95400 | CuAl9Ni | |
| Silicon Bronze | CAC801 | CC | 345 | 25 | – | – | – | – | — | — |
| CAC802 | CC | 440 | 12 | – | – | 8.3 | 6.7 | — | — | |
| CAC803 | CC | 390 | 20 | – | – | 8.3 | 6.7 | — | — | |
| CAC804 | SC / CC | 350 / 300 | 18 / 15 | – / – | – / – | 8.3 | 8 | — | — |
Plain Bushing Manufacturing & Production
Manufacturing on Demand
VIIPLUS specializes in a variety of materials, including bronze bearings, aluminum bronzes, leaded bronzes, special bronze, brass, and unique alloys for bushings and wear plates. We offer complete machining solutions in brass, cast bronze, and non-ferrous metals, with high precision for medium and small series orders across a wide range of dimensions.
